History

Borlinghausen

Borlinghausen was first mentioned in a document on Henry IV's (1050–1106) time, which was also marked by his "Walk to Canossa" in 1077. In the aforesaid year, Henry donated to his old teacher, the Archbishop Adalbert of Hamburg|Adalbert of Hamburg-Bremen, a forested lordly estate in the gau (country subdivision)|gau of Engern. The document in question laid out the boundaries of the estate in question quite thoroughly, mentioning several local centres, including Burchartinchusen.

It is believed that the village's founder was a man named Burchard, since its name would seem to be Old High German for "at Burchard's houses".

Over the centuries, the village has undergone several name changes: Burchartinghusen (1102), Burchardinchuson (1120), Borgardinchusen (1232), Borninghusen (1584), Bornighusen, Borlinghusen, and finally Borlinghausen, locally pronounced "Burnechousen".

Borlinghausen's beginnings were sometime before the first documentary mention, in Saxons|Saxon times between 500 and 800, at which time it formed the western part of the "Mark Löwen". It was in this time that most places with names ending in —hausen came into being. The Mark Löwen in turn belonged to the Hessian-Saxon Gau.

Emperor Charlemagne conquered the baptized.

For 800 years, Borlinghausen was part of the Princely Bishopric of Paderborn after Count Dodiko of Warburg donated his estate to Bishop Meinwerk of Paderborn about 1000. This only ended with Prussian secularization in 1803.

In 1376, a knight from Epe held the Borlinghausen estate as a fief from the Counts of Waldeck (state)|Waldeck.

In 1411, after the lordly Spiegel family's Borlinghausen line had died out, the Counts of Waldeck handed the fief to their kin, Gerd von Spiegel zu Peckelsheim, including the village, the castle and the church fief.

Johann von Spiegel zu Peckelsheim, after his death in 1559, bequeathed his estate to his four sons Georg, Werner, Raban and David. This included Schweckhausen, Borlinghausen, Holtheim and Ikenhausen, as well as farms and other agricultural lands, tithes and other rights in Peckelsheim, Drankhausen, Willegassen, Löwen and Körbecke. This bequest was divided among the sons in 1577, and Borlinghausen passed to Werner, who had already taken his father's old position as Hereditary Marshal of the Prince-Bishop of Paderborn. In 1587, Werner ended work on the moat-ringed stately home that was being built in Borlinghausen. He died in 1594 and was succeeded by his son, who had not yet come of age.

By 1755, the Hereditary Marshal was Johann Heinrich von Spiegel, who had been in the service of the Brunswick-Lüneburg|Duchy of Brunswick, and who in this year founded the local shooting club. He was succeeded in 1789 by his only son Karl Franz Theodor von Spiegel.

Under the Treaties of Tilsit on 9 July 1807, Prussia had to cede all its territory west of the Elbe to the France|French Emperor Napoléon Bonaparte. Out of this was made, among other entities, the Kingdom of Westphalia, which the Emperor gave his younger brother, Jérôme Bonaparte; Borlinghausen was in this kingdom.

The Baron of Spiegel-Borlinghausen became King Jérôme's chamberlain, and his son a Canton of Peckelsheim in the District of Höxter in the Department of Fulda. After the Battle of Leipzig|Battle of the Nations at Leipzig from 16 October|16 to 19 October 1813, the French were forced to flee.

In 1822, Karl Josef von Spiegel inherited the Borlinghausen Estate and bequeathed it to his only child Marie Louise who wed Franz Karl Freiherr von Elmendorff in 1835. She sold the Borlinghausen Estate four years later to the Protestant banking family Bierbaum from Braunschweig who had lent her 44,000 Thalers seven years earlier so that she could pay her mother and uncle off. This brought an end to the Spiegel overlordship after five centuries.

In 1860, Julius Bierbaum sold the Borlinghausen Estate to Oswald Freiherr von Wendt, a former Catholic lieutenant colonel in the Austro-Hungarian Army, who had the Borlinghausen Church of Saint Mary Help of the Christians built. The Baron's coat of arms can still be seen over the entrance – three helms.

In the First World War, 63 Borlinghausen townsfolk joined the Imperial forces, 22 of them seeing active duty, and 13 of these losing their lives.

In the Second World War, 88 Borlinghausen townsfolk joined the Nazism|Nazi forces, 23 of them losing their lives and 5 going missing in action.

In 1965, Borlinghausen celebrated its 900th anniversary of first documentary mention.

Eissen

In 1447, Bohemian mercenaries destroyed the village of Sunrike between Eissen and Borgentreich on their retreat from the siege of Soest, Germany|Soest. In 1632, Eissen, too, along with many other places in the region, was sacked by Hesse-Kassel troops in the Thirty Years' War. In that same war, the Imperial forces along with Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria and Prince Octavio Piccolomini, Duke of Amalfi moved into winter quarters in the Princely Bishopric of Paderborn, bringing about hunger, illness, pestilence and death to the whole area. Before the war ended, the Warburger Land was once again sacked by Hesse-Kassel troops, and occupied, in 1641-1647.

There was also fighting in the area during the Seven Years' War. Furthermore, from 1 December 1758 until Easter 1759, four squadrons of Hessian dragoons were billeted in Eissen and neighbouring places. From autumn 1760 to early summer 1761, 42 people (12% of the population) died from the war's effects.

In 1812, two men from Eissen lost their lives in Napoléon Bonaparte's disastrous Napoleon's invasion of Russia|Russian campaign after having been Impressment|impressed into his Grande Armée. Later in the 19th century, one Eissener did not come back from the Franco-Prussian War in 1871, and three further men later died, likely from their wounds.

On 6 May 1879, a great fire burnt 47 houses down in 20 minutes. The conflagration had been started by a twelve-year-old schoolboy who had been in a goat stall secretly trying a cigar stub that he had found.

On 1 October 1876, Eissen was joined to the railway network on the Scherfede-Holzminden line, and was given its own station.

In the First World War, 30 Eissen townsfolk lost their lives. In the Second World War, 71 Eissen townsfolk fell.

On prisoners of war. The rest withdrew along the railway line towards Borgholz.

On 2 June 1984, passenger service on this railway line was discontinued, leaving Eissen without rail transport.

Löwen

Peckelsheim

Unfortunately, owing to the fires, very few historic buildings are to be found in Peckelsheim.

Politics

Town council